Betulinic acid prevents alcohol-induced liver damage by improving the antioxidant system in mice

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene, has a wide range of bioactivities. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of BA and the potential mechanism underlying the ability of this compound to prevent liver damage induced by alcohol in vivo. Mice were given oral doses of BA (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) daily for 14 days, and induced liver injury by feeding 50% alcohol orally at the dosage of 10 ml/kg after 1 h last administration of BA. BA pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerides in a dose-dependent manner in the mice administered alcohol. Hepatic levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were remarkably increased, while malondialdehyde contents and microvesicular steatosis in the liver were decreased by BA in a dose-dependent manner after alcohol-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of BA might be due to increased antioxidant capacity, mainly through improvement of the tissue redox system, maintenance of the antioxidant system, and decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver.     

新地-麻黄沟高速公路沙害防治技术

新地—麻黄沟高速公路地处乌兰布和沙漠东南缘，风沙运动具有往复式移动的特点，一年四季都能形成沙害，属重度沙害地段。本文在分析公路路域范围的地形地貌特点和沙害成因、特征的基础上，探讨了沙漠地区高速公路沙害防治的原则，认为综合运用工程治沙、植物治沙、化学固沙技术，建立以工程防沙体系为主，工程防沙体系与植物防沙体系相结合的综合防沙体系，最终形成植物防沙体系是沙漠地区高速公路沙害防治的根本措施，并提出了防沙体系结构、功能、防护宽度配置的一般模式和建设技术，旨在为我国沙漠地区高速公路防沙体系建设提供理论依据和实践经验。     

浙江省麦田和油菜田杂草发生种类及危害

１９８６～１９８８年在浙江省嘉兴、杭州、金华和温州４个农区,对大小麦和油菜田杂草发生种类和危害程度开展全面系统调查,涉及６个市、２３个县（市）和１个大型农场,计７０００多块样田,取样面积约６６７ｈｍ＾２。调查结果,浙江省大小麦和油菜田共有杂草５０科２７７种,杂草群落结构复杂,危害程度较高,杂草群落组成与地域、地势、土质、前茬作物及耕作习惯等有关。最后提出大小麦和油菜田杂草防除对策和措施,并附浙江省大小麦和油菜田杂草名录。     

试用灰色关联度分析水稻纹枯病的为害损失

对水稻纹枯病不同发病程度与水稻产量损失关系的灰色关联度分析结果表明，水稻纹枯病对穗实粒数影响最大，其次是结实率和千粒重，这是引起产量损失的主要原因，同时对株高，穗长也有一定的影响。     

A Comparative Study on Mutagenic Effects of Space Flight and Irradiation of γ-rays on Rice

The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion (GP) and growth suppression (GS) were selected from the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height (SH) in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility (SF) between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment.Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.     

海南外来入侵植物的危害、入侵机制与防治对策

外来入侵植物已经严重地威胁到海南省的许多生态系统,影响了当地的生物多样性和土著植物的生境。本文简述海南省外来植物入侵的主要生境,论述了植物外来种入侵海南岛的主要入侵途径及其入侵的机制,分析了影响植物入侵的因素,并提出有效防治海南外来入侵植物的建议。     

Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对美人蕉的氧化胁迫及抗性机理研究

通过测定植物的丙二醛(MDA)含量、酸溶性SH含量以及两种抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD和愈创木酚过氧化物酶GPX)的酶活,研究了重金属镉(Cd)和铜(Cu)对美人蕉(Cannaindica Linn.)的氧化胁迫。结果表明,20μmol·L~(-1)和100μmol·L~(-1)的Cd~(2 )和Cu~(2 )均使其根部MDA含量显著增加,但除了100μmol·L~(-1)的Cd~(2 ),叶部MDA含量无明显变化。与Cu~(2 )相比,Cd~(2 )能引起植物根部GSH的明显提高,并能诱导PCs的产生。Cd~(2 )使根部SOD活性明显增加,Cu~(2 )对其活性无明显影响。两种重金属均使其根部GPX活性显著增加。对于叶,重金属胁迫能增加GPX的活性,但对SOD活性的影响不明显。以上结果表明,重金属镉和铜对美人蕉具有氧化胁迫作用,而美人蕉具有缓解重金属胁迫的解毒机制,诱导PCs解毒,同时它能通过调节抗氧化物酶的活性增强其抗氧化胁迫的能力,这为该植物作为中低浓度镉和铜污染水体的修复植物种类应用提供了可能。     

海南岛主要气象灾害分析及防灾减灾对策

分析海南岛气象灾害发生的特征以及近年主要气象灾害发生的频率和所造成的损失,论证海南必须采取更积极的防灾减灾措施的必要性,并针对海南岛目前存在的问题提出防灾减灾对策。     

我国药用植物根结线虫病的分布与危害

 对我国药用植物根结线虫病的分布和危害进行概述。到目前为止,分布我国14个省、区、市100余种药用植物受到5种根结线虫的危害,这5种根结线虫是北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(M.incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)、花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)、印度根结线虫(M.indica),从现有资料看,北方根结线虫分布最广,危害重。文中所提及植物均在《中药大辞典》中有记载。     

除草剂解毒剂对玉米幼芽抗御乙草胺药害能力的影响研究

以垦玉6号玉米为指示材料,以乙草胺为试验除草剂,采用水培法研究了用除草剂解毒剂进行浸种处理后使玉米免受乙草胺药害的情况。结果表明:用不同浓度的解毒剂浸种处理后,能够在不同程度上减轻乙草胺对玉米幼苗的药害;当解毒剂浸种浓度为8mg·kg-1时保护效果达到最好,在乙草胺浓度为20mg·kg-1时,对玉米根长的保护率达20.4%,根鲜重的保护率达23.9%,对芽长的保护率达40.2%,芽鲜重的保护率达36.6%。